Molecular Gold Clusters as Precursors to Heterogeneous Catalysts
نویسنده
چکیده
....................................................................................................iii! Table of contents...................................................................................... iv! Table of figures........................................................................................ixx! Table of tables.......................................................................................xviii! Table of appendices ................................................................................ xx! Acknowledgements ................................................................................xxii! 1.! Introduction .........................................................................................1! 1.1.! Catalysis.......................................................................................1! 1.1.1.! Types of catalysts..................................................................3! 1.2.! Gold............................................................................................14! 1.2.1.! History of gold......................................................................14! 1.2.2.! Properties of gold ................................................................15! 1.2.3.! Relativistic effects................................................................17! 1.3.! Gold complexes .........................................................................22! 1.3.1.! Gold(I) complexes ...............................................................22! 1.3.2.! Gold(I) phosphine complexes..............................................24! 1.3.3.! Other gold(I) complexes ......................................................28! 1.4.! Gold(III) compounds...................................................................29! 1.4.1.! Gold Chlorides.....................................................................29! 1.5.! Gold clusters ..............................................................................32! 1.6.! Scope of this thesis ....................................................................32! 2.! Characterisation methods.................................................................34! 2.1.! Catalytic reactor setup ...............................................................35! 2.2.! X-ray diffraction (XRD) ...............................................................36! 2.3.! Nuclear magnetic resonance .....................................................38! 2.4.! Infrared spectroscopy.................................................................39!
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